Reviewer Guideline

The journal follows a single-blind peer-review policy. The referee’s identity is confidential to the author, while the author’s identity is known to the referee. Therefore, referees must not contact the author directly or identify themselves as a referee.

Referees must treat all manuscripts received for review as confidential documents. They must not be shared with or discussed with others except as authorized by the editor. Any privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and must not be used for personal advantage.

Referees should assess manuscripts objectively and with due attention to research integrity. In particular, referees should be alert to plagiarism and self-plagiarism and should identify relevant published work that has not been properly cited. Any claim that an observation, derivation, or argument has been previously reported should be supported by appropriate references.

Referees must decline to review any manuscript where a conflict of interest may arise. If there is a potential or perceived conflict of interest or loyalty, the referee should promptly disclose it to the editorial team. Any substantial resemblance or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and other published or submitted work known to the referee must be reported immediately to the editor.

Reviews must be conducted fairly, respectfully, and within a reasonable timeframe. Personal criticism is inappropriate; comments should be clear, constructive, and supported by sound arguments. If a referee feels unable to complete the review within the assigned period, they should inform the editor as soon as possible so the manuscript can be reassigned. Invited referees who feel unqualified to review a manuscript should notify the editorial office promptly and may suggest alternative reviewers.

Reminder Notices

• If you receive a review invitation but do not respond, a first reminder will be sent after 10 days and a second reminder will be sent after a further 10 days. After that, the invitation may be withdrawn.
• If you accept the invitation, a reminder will be sent 10 days after the review due date and a second reminder will be sent 30 days after the due date. The editorial office may contact you directly, and the review assignment may be withdrawn if no response is received.